以下是小考的題目

Treating Workers Well Pays Off in Cambodia

By Elizabeth Becker
Staff Writer, New York Times
May 30, 2005

PHNOM PENH, Cambodia - At the close of a long, hotday sewing men's shirts, hundreds of young Cambodian women waited anxiously as their British boss jumped onto a cutting table with a bullhorn, worried that he would tell them they had lost their jobs.

But instead of delivering bad news, the manager, Adrian Ross, said he would be the host at a company picnic to celebrate the Cambodian New Year on April 15 at the advanced new factory his company had built down the road. "It's been hard work this year, " Mr. Ross said. "Now it's time to have fun."

Thanks to an unorthodox 非正統的 labor program backed by the United States and intended to improve working conditions, much of Cambodia's garment industry has been managing to stay in business since the end of the global quota system that parceled out shares of the apparel and textile business country by country. A majority of Cambodia's factories have retained the loyalty of major retailers around the world by appealing not just to their needs for low-cost production but also to their desire to avoid the stigma of sweatshop 剝削勞力工作環境惡劣的工廠.

For 30 years the global quotas - which were abolished on January 1 - did not just slow the loss of clothing jobs in advanced industrial nations; they also helped some destitute 缺乏、貧困的 countries by giving them guranteed entry into the &400 billion global trade in apparel and textiles. But now, many poor countries are searching for ways to keep their nascent 發生中的 apparel industries functioning in a world of unfettered 不受束縛的、除去腳鐐的 competition - one where China has been unleashed and is trying to grab as much of the business as it can.

The surge in China's clothing exports has taken business from rich and poor nations alike. In the U.S. and Europe, domestic lobbies for the textile and apparel industries have prodded their governments into considering temporary limits on Chinese products.

(to be continued)